Work Research Research Articles

Performance Analysis of Wet Porous Moving Fin under the Influence of Spherical Shaped TiO2- Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Water Based Fluid

The study investigates the flow characteristics of spherical shaped TiO2 –Ag hybrid nanofluid with water as a base fluid passing through a wet porous rectangular moving fin with a focus on understanding the effects of nanoparticle concentration on the heat transfer rate. The fin under consideration are subjected to boundary conditions, insulated and convective tips. Hybrid nanofluid that combine nanoparticles with conventional base fluids have potentially enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties in engineering applications. The energy balance equation containing the parameters that effect the flow of heat transfer rate is non- dimensionalized and solved numerically using 3-stage Lobatto - IIIa formula with appropriate boundary conditions. The simulation result shows the impact of different parameters on the flow and heat transfer properties of the hybrid nanofluid obtained by mixing spherical shaped TiO2 –Ag hybrid nanoparticles with water as base fluid. It is observed that the fin shows significant heat transfer rate in a convective tip relative to an insulated tip. The findings contribute to the understanding of hybrid nanofluid flow and its potential application in the design and optimization of thermal management system. It also facilitates the ground work for research in the field of nano fluid based cooling system. The observation from the graphical illustration shows that the rise in the thermal conductivity of the base fluid by 23% increases the conduction heat transfer as well as the temperature distribution by 10%. The natural convection and radiation are the key parameters that determines the heat transfer rate from the surface to the surrounding. In our investigation, enhancing the Nc,Nr parameters by 50% and 25%, the temperature distribution profile is reduced by about 13% and 6% respectively. The increase in the Pe number by 100% results in a rise in the temperature distribution by 8%.

The Front Edge of an Advancing Wave-Crest: Creative Ecologies and Designing Sustainable Futures

This editorial introduces the 15 articles in this special issue entitled “Creative Ecologies: Designing Sustainable Futures” and contextualizes them against a rapidly expanding field of climate and ecological studies, creative and affect theoretics, and a burgeoning array of creative relational methods and methodologies extending 21st century qualitative inquiry. The collection calls for a deepening of ethical, political, and eco-collaborative commitments to the work of global research that goes beyond neoliberal discourses of innovation, impact, and human exceptionalism and argues that only in this way will the vital work of academic activism and advocacy remain relevant, revolutionary, and sustainable.

Walking borders, risk and belonging: the walking interview as biographical method and doing mobility justice

ABSTRACT This paper engages with the long history of work in Mobilities research and makes a contribution from a different angle, by introducing and discussing creative applications of biographical research using the walking interview as biographical method (WIBM), that captures the sensory, embodied, affective aspects of lived lives and lived experiences, the intersecting oppressions and possibilities for praxis, focusing upon research on borders, risk and belonging, funded by the Leverhulme Trust. It argues that applying the WIBM opens up possibilities for doing “mobility justice”, through a relational, cultural and socio-spatial examination and analysis of lived lives, in the context of geo-political, cultural worlds (and scales). In doing so, the paper examines, through two short examples, creative applications of walking as an arts-based practice through the walking interview as biographical method (WIBM) to contribute to doing “mobility justice” as a transdisciplinary practice, as an “ethical and just” process and practice. Methodologically, the paper opens a space for dialogue on the transformative role of walking, listening as partial understanding, (partial understanding because although incredibly powerful, the biographical method can never give us total knowledge/understanding of the lives of others and this is not its aim) “resonance” and the potential for solidarity, as part of an ethics of listening, including possible impact on policy and practice, especially in diverse research and social contexts.

Linking science with policy: the importance of incorporating clear roles for knowledge brokers into research-for-development organizations

Agriculture and food systems research and international development work will not proceed at the necessary speed without clear attention to the role of knowledge brokers within science-policy-practice interfaces. For research to be taken up and incorporated in policy frameworks, knowledge brokering is essential. Scaling of research for development findings will happen through other impact pathways as well, such as development of business models with the private sector, but development and implementation of robust and coherent policies informed by credible evidence is necessary for institutionalizing the work of agriculture and food systems research. Such policies are needed at multiple levels, and knowledge brokers are needed at these different levels as well. Examples of the importance of knowledge brokers in agricultural research for development from the livestock sector and its interaction with the climate change arena are used to illustrate this call for more attention to knowledge brokering.

The Relation Between Classroom Adversity and Students’ Problem Behavior as a Function of Teachers’ Emotional Support

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between teachers’ reports of classroom adversity, a measure of classroom hardship, and student problem behavior in a sample of students with or at risk of emotional/behavioral disorders. We also examined the extent to which this relation varied as a function of multiple domains of classroom quality. A series of multiple regression models, adjusting for the nesting of students within classrooms, were conducted. Models revealed a significant effect of the interaction between classroom adversity and classroom emotional support on teachers’ reports of student problem behaviors. This effect indicated that in low-adversity classrooms, teachers differed in their reports of students’ problem behaviors depending on their level of emotional support. In high-adversity classrooms, however, teachers’ reports of students’ problem behaviors were relatively similar regardless of their level of emotional support. Findings suggest classroom adversity is likely an important contextual factor to consider when examining student outcomes and that teacher emotional support may mitigate the influence of classroom adversity. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for research and practice.

The role of ‘friendship as method’ with child co-researchers in the primary school environment

ABSTRACT Within social science research the complex nature of relationship-making and ‘friendship as method’ has gained enthusiasm. However, there is still a significant lack of research on ‘friendship as method’ with children and young people in participatory studies. Drawing on empirical case studies, we ask: how does ‘friendship as method’ work in research with children? The paper considers the role of vulnerability and reservations, friendship facilitator, and discusses the ethical dimensions of creating and sustaining ‘friendships’ between researcher and participants (as co-researchers). We argue that friendships in research are not a hierarchical or linear continuum, but a spectrum: friendships often mean different things to different people at different times; they can be positive and negative, both liberating and restrictive, fleeting and sustained, energising and tiresome. We recommend that participatory research with children considers not only the participatory components of power and action, but the emotionality and relationality of participatory research with children.

Differentiation of the Subject and the Complement in French Sentences: Difficulties of Translation

This article deals with the problem of the non-prepositional members of the French narrative sentence. The main goal is to clarify the basic principles of the positioning of the subject and the complement, their interchangeability, the principles of localization in written speech. Within the framework of the work, descriptive, comparativehistorical, comparative and semantic-stylistic methods of language research were used. The results of the analysis of grammatical reference books and fiction of the XVIII-XX centuries made it possible to prove the connection of the position of the subject and the complement with their syntactic function. The semantic component in the expression of syntactic relations is analyzed. Advanced hypothesis were verified with the examples of four translations of the classic Russian novel of the XIX century. The research will expand the comprehension of subject and complement in the French narrative sentence and, perhaps, encourage linguists to further study this phenomenon not only in analytical, but also in inflectional languages. 

“Staying with the Trouble” in Ontopolitical Research on Drugs

Trouble seems to be characteristic of contemporary politics and life. From the environment to the pandemic, crises of political credibility around the world, conflict on social media and the drama of so-called “cancel culture”, avoiding or settling trouble seems more unimaginable than ever. Yet, as the theme of this conference makes clear, trouble is not always negative, especially when posed in verb form. To trouble preconceptions, orthodoxies or alienating norms can be productive, exciting and transformative. This is as much the case in research as in any other area of life. Troubling our founding assumptions, our research questions, our theories and methods is the way we move forward, even if it is not always easy or immediately rewarding. In this keynote presentation I will reflect on my own engagements with forms of scholarly trouble, drawing on the work of Donna Haraway in her book Staying with the trouble (2018) to identify key ways in which we as researchers may “embrace trouble” in useful and productive ways. Thinking through some central propositions articulated by Haraway in her engagement with other scholars, such as the importance of storytelling, the value of grieving, and the uses of response-ability, I will offer a range of examples drawn from my own work in critical drug studies and ontopolitical research to highlight the promises and pitfalls of trouble. In doing so, I aim to acknowledge the opportunities I have enjoyed over the years to be part of the innovative and courageous field of critical drug studies, of which the Contemporary Drug Problems conference is also an important part.

Post-Covid-19 health promotion in universities: mental health and social media promotion.

The crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the way of life, work, and learning processes. The government has issued a policy of adopting a new custom order to suppress the transmission of Covid-19 and continue to move people’s habits. Universities as educational centers have interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary roles and contributions through health promotion research and outreach activities by taking a role in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic. Universities have an innovative role in preparing for the Covid-19 endemic through their work in education, research, and counseling. With the pandemic and post-Covid-19 preparations, universities are intensifying support in terms of providing health services for the academic community, one of which is sustainable health promotion services. Health promotion on campus after the Covid-19 pandemic can be done by adopting general health promotion strategies, including 1) cross-sectoral coordination, 2) importance and sustainability, 3) empowerment and involvement of the academic community, and 4) equity. Mental health for students and teachers after online teaching is very important. Social media has great potential to promote health and other health interventions as it overcomes some of the limitations of traditional health communication by increasing accessibility, interaction, engagement, empowerment, and adaptation. Health promotion in universities by utilizing social media has several advantages, namely accessibility, convenience, low cost, interaction with end-users, flexibility, status, and visibility. With the good momentum of social media engagement coupled with the new need to focus on health promotion, offering digital media-based online health promotion services is one of the possible actions. Digital media has significant promise for health promotion and other health intervention activities.

Social Media, Public Health Research, and Vulnerability: Considerations to Advance Ethical Guidelines and Strengthen Future Research.

The purpose of this article is to build upon prior work in social media research and ethics by highlighting an important and as yet underdeveloped research consideration: how should we consider vulnerability when conducting public health research in the social media environment? The use of social media in public health, both platforms and their data, has advanced the field dramatically over the past 2 decades. Applied public health research in the social media space has led to more robust surveillance tools and analytic strategies, more targeted recruitment activities, and more tailored health education. Ethical guidelines when using social media for public health research must also expand alongside these increasing capabilities and uses. Privacy, consent, and confidentiality have been hallmarks for ethical frameworks both in public health and social media research. To date, public health ethics scholarship has focused largely on practical guidelines and considerations for writing and reviewing social media research protocols. Such ethical guidelines have included collecting public data, reporting anonymized or aggregate results, and obtaining informed consent virtually. Our pursuit of the question related to vulnerability and public health research in the social media environment extends this foundational work in ethical guidelines and seeks to advance research in this field and to provide a solid ethical footing on which future research can thrive.

Defining Social Prescribing: Fostering Common Understanding of a Vital Tool in the Integrated Care Toolbox

According to the World Health Organization, social prescribing is a holistic approach to health and wellbeing that promotes integrated care. There is growing interest in social prescribing around the world, with over 20 countries involved in the social prescribing movement. However, an agreed definition of social prescribing has yet to emerge. This is problematic for social prescribing research, policy, and practice. Since there are two types of definitions – conceptual and operational, agreement on both types of definitions is needed. The aim of this study was to establish internationally accepted conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing. This study was conducted for the social prescribing community to support the advancement of the social prescribing movement. The research team – one doctoral student and four committee members, collectively designed, implemented, and monitored this research. This study involved an international, multidisciplinary panel of experts. The expert panel (n=48) represented 26 different countries across five continents and numerous expert groups, including service providers, service users, researchers, students, and representatives of the Global Social Prescribing Alliance, the Social Prescribing Network, the Social Prescribing Youth Network, the National Academy for Social Prescribing, and the Canadian Institute for Social Prescribing. A three-round Delphi study was conducted. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥80% agreement. In Round 1, participants were asked to list key elements that are essential to the conceptual definition of social prescribing and to provide corresponding statements that operationalize each of the key elements. In Round 2, participants were asked to rate their agreement with items from the first round for inclusion in the conceptual and/or operational definitions of social prescribing. Based on the findings from this round, the conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing were developed, including long and short versions of the conceptual definition. In Round 3, participants were asked to rate their agreement with the conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing. Consensus was reached on the definitions in this round, which signified the successful development of internationally accepted conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing. The definitions were transformed into the Common Understanding of Social Prescribing (CUSP) conceptual framework. For the first time in the history of the social prescribing movement, we now have internationally accepted conceptual and operational definitions of social prescribing. Additionally, the conceptual definitions are distinct from pre-existing definitions, and to our knowledge, the operational definition is the first in the world. Together, the CUSP conceptual framework and the definitions offer a common thread – a shared sense of what social prescribing is. Social prescribing researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are encouraged to use the outputs of this work in social prescribing research, policy, and practice to foster common understanding of this concept.

Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) Applied to the SF-36 in Patients Who Underwent Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) is a reliable tool to assess the health-related quality of life of patients. If a mean difference between pre-operative evaluation and final follow-up is found to be statistically significant, then the change in score is not random. However, a statistically significant mean change may not correspond to a clinical amelioration for the patient or mean that the patient's state of health is to be considered acceptable. For this reason, interest in the concepts of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) has grown within recent years. The goal of the present work of research was to determine the MCID and PASS values for the SF-36 in patients who received rotator cuff repair (RCR). Forty-six patients (18 women and 28 men, mean age 58.5 ± 12.9) previously diagnosed with rotator cuff disease were enrolled. All of these patients underwent RCR. They were evaluated pre-operatively and six months after the surgical intervention as a final follow-up. The SF-36 questionnaire was assessed at each evaluation. The MCID cut-offs of the total, physical, and mental dimensions of the SF-36 for patients who underwent RCR were 23.1, 32.5, and 18.1, respectively. A 23.1 improvement in the SF-36 score at six months following RCR can be correlated with patients having reached a clinically significant improvement in health status. If 81.9 or more is attained in the SF-36 score after surgical repair, the symptom state can be judged as satisfactory by the majority of patients.

BUILDING AN AGE-FRIENDLY ECOSYSTEM THROUGH NEIGHBORHOODS, HEALTH SYSTEMS, AND CAMPUSES

Abstract The age-friendly movement grew from an idea into a social movement recognizing the importance of adapting multiple facets of society to meet the needs of older adults. The movement integrates multidisciplinary work in research, policy, planning and design to build age-friendly ecosystems. Age-friendly ecosystems comprised of communities, health systems and campuses can become platforms for equity, health, and wellness for older adults. We designed a virtual symposium to examine age friendliness from a place-based approach by examining neighborhoods, campuses and health environments as sites uniquely positioned to catalyze equity in aging. The symposium was convened by national experts and regional aging stakeholders to consider how age friendly environments can address urgent social, environmental and health challenges, and create measurable outcomes that promote aging well for all. Knowledge was generated through lectures, panel discussions, a world café, focus group discussions, and a student-ideas competition. There were 113 attendees, including 27 health professions students; 78% of attendees indicated their work focused on aging/older adults and 52% reported specialized training in geriatrics/gerontology. Attendees reported increased familiarity with age-friendly concepts post-symposium. Key findings indicated the benefits of shared language and metrics across place-types that can collectively transform the social, physical, and economic landscape of aging. Symposium outcomes include a website, graphic facilitation, a collaboration resource guide, and a forthcoming book. Outcomes are serving as a foundation to radically re-imagine cross-sector collaborations between communities, health systems and campuses to create an ecosystem that embraces longevity as an asset and advances equity in aging.

Creating the freedom to thrive: Honoring the legacy of RSNA gold medalist, Deborah Levine, MD

Awarded the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Gold Medal in 2018, Dr. Deborah Levine's research, journalism, and mentorship have left an indelible mark on the radiology field. Her work in ultrasound led to its use as the standard for monitoring benign adnexal cysts. She helped popularize obstetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through her research on its use in placental accreta and fetal abnormalities, which led to the development of the ‘Compendium of Fetal MRI’ website. This work in research led naturally to a career in journalism, where she eventually became Senior Deputy Editor of Radiology and founded Radiology Select. Concurrently with her personal achievements, Dr. Levine has dedicated herself to the mentorship of her female trainees. She sought various leadership positions to learn more about and advocate for the promotion and support of female leadership in radiology departments. In many ways, Dr. Levine's career and work have transformed radiology as we know it today for both patients and physicians.

Exploring the challenges to using telecardiology as perceived by pre-hospital emergency care personnel: a qualitative study

BackgroundToday, using the medical technology of telecardiology, as part of advanced medical services, plays an essential role in providing care to cardiac patients in life-threatening conditions who need emergency care. However, pre-hospital emergency care personnel are faced with certain challenges in using telecardiology, with adverse effects on their performance. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the challenges to using telecardiology as viewed by pre-hospital emergency care personnel in Southern Iran.MethodsThe present study is a qualitative work of research with a content analysis approach. Selected using purposeful sampling, 19 pre-hospital emergency care personnel were interviewed on a semi-structured, personal, in-depth basis. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis approach (2004).ResultsBased on the qualitative data analysis, 3 themes and 8 subthemes were obtained. The three main themes included professional barriers (lack of clinical knowledge of telecardiology, lack of clinical skill in telecardiology, violation of patients’ privacy, lack of clinical guidelines on telecardiology), medical equipment and telecommunication barriers (poor reception and ineffective means of communication, low charge on the battery of tele-electrocardiogram machines), and organizational management barriers (serious lack of cardiologists available for medical counseling and lack of continual personal development of the telecardiology personnel).ConclusionSenior managers in pre-hospital emergency care services are recommended to use the results of this study to identify the influential factors in using telecardiology and take the necessary measures to eliminate the existing barriers toward making optimal use of telemedicine, thereby improving the quality of care provided for cardiac patients.

Development of an improved three-dimensional rough discrete fracture network model: Method and application

Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass engineering. Rock mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation. A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network (RDFN3D) model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (W-M) function were presented in this paper. The RDFN3D model, which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes, has been realized. The influence of fractal dimension, amplitude, and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was discussed. The reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed, and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was established. The RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN3D) models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format, which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous methods. The numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code, respectively. The reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and analyzed. The roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow patterns. The research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.

PP110 Knowledge Transfer From Scoping Review Into Primary Research In The Context Of Clinical Practice Guidelines Update

IntroductionIn the development and update process of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) is necessary to focus research questions as much as possible to optimize the systematic reviews. We carried out a scoping review as a precursor to a systematic review to update the recommendation of a CPG for the Management of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Primary Care. To our knowledge, there is limited information in the existing literature on graphical options for visually presenting scales or other available instruments and classification in a timeline graph.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search to identify instruments for screening of neurodevelopmental disorders and early detection and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). All studies were analyzed to retrieve scales and other instruments used in the assessment of neurodevelopment in the preschool children, and detection of signs and symptoms of neurodevelopment disorder or ASD. We developed a timeline graphic to compile all of the instruments retrieved.ResultsThe information about the name of instrument, type, age of application, diagnostic accuracy, and context of validation was transferred to spreadsheet of the software program Microsoft Excel in tabular format. The instruments found were finally categorized according to the role of each of them in the diagnostic of autism, and age in which they are used. We developed a timeline graph for visually presenting classified instruments according to utility in the routine developmental surveillance, detection of specific signs and symptoms of ASD and diagnostics and evaluation of autism.ConclusionsThe proposed graphical timeline could assist methodologists and researchers in identifying gaps of evidence and lines of research related to use and validation in different contexts the scales and other instruments actually developed. The process of review of evidence can provide information useful for future research in the context of primary research. The relationship between groups of work of health technology assessment and primary research promote the knowledge transfer and optimization of research.

The LAPEF

This paper presents the LAPEF, Laboratory of Psychoanalysis, Hermeneutics and Phenomenology, an interdisciplinary Italian laboratory. It gathers together philosophers, psychoanalysts and psychiatrists from various schools who share a common scientific and humanistic interest for a holistic approach on the human being and its condition. The paper resumes LAPEF’s major theoretical-philosophical and procedural-scientific characters as well as its major commitment and achievements in promoting both an interdisciplinary and inter-institutional work and a work of research, education and cultural engagement.
 Keywords: interdisciplinarity, phenomenology, critical hermeneutics, Freud, Jung, Husserl, Jaspers, Ricoeur

How Does Human Activity Shape the Largest Estuarine Bay of the Pearl River Estuary, South China (1964–2019)

The morphological changes in an estuarine bay are affected by fluvial and oceanic dynamics, as well as human activities. Human activity has increased considerably in recent years, especially in Lingding Bay of the Pearl River Estuary. Based on mass measured bathymetric data and remote sensing images, morphological changes in Lingding Bay were examined and its long-term morphological evolution from 1964 to 2019 was studied using GIS method and EOF methods. The water area of Lingding Bay gradually decreased through this period due to shore reclamation and the evolutionary characteristics of the underwater topography were different before and after 2007 due to changes in the intensity of human activities. From 1964 to 2007, the water depth and volume of Lingding Bay decreased slightly and the bay experienced a slow silting process with the geomorphic pattern of “three shoals and two troughs” under low-intensity human activity. From 2007 to present, high-intensity sand-dredging activities in the bay have led to considerable deepening and a significant increase in water volume in the East Trough and Middle Shoal areas. The amount of sediment loss caused by the sand-dredging activities after 2007 far exceeded the amount of sediment deposition over the past four decades prior to 2007. Therefore, even if the sand-dredging activities had been banned, the eroded parts of Lingding Bay (i.e., East Trough and Middle Shoal) may not recover in a short time due to the small sediment load from the Pearl River. These recent morphological changes in Lingding Bay may bring about challenges for estuary regulation, disaster control, environmental protection, and the operational safety of the nearby ports and channels. Consequently, the subsequent evolution of the bay requires further research. This will enrich the scientific work for estuarine and coastal research and be conducive to revealing the interaction mechanisms between humans and nature, guiding sustainable development, estuarine disaster control, and promoting interdisciplinary innovation in estuarine research.

Mixed-Effects Location Scale Models for Joint Modeling School Value-Added Effects on the Mean and Variance of Student Achievement

School value-added models are widely applied to study, monitor, and hold schools to account for school differences in student learning. The traditional model is a mixed-effects linear regression of student current achievement on student prior achievement, background characteristics, and a school random intercept effect. The latter is referred to as the school value-added score and measures the mean student covariate-adjusted achievement in each school. In this article, we argue that further insights may be gained by additionally studying the variance in this quantity in each school. These include the ability to identify both individual schools and school types that exhibit unusually high or low variability in student achievement, even after accounting for differences in student intakes. We explore and illustrate how this can be done via fitting mixed-effects location scale versions of the traditional school value-added model. We discuss the implications of our work for research and school accountability systems.